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1.
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society ; : 1652-1658, 2010.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-202167

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the characteristics of cultured rabbit corneal keratocytes in vitro and evaluate the possibility of differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to keratocytes using the keratocyte conditioned medium (KCM). METHODS: Isolated keratocytes were seeded on the stromal side of amniotic membranes (AM) or plastic dishes, and morphologic changes were evaluated. Rabbit mesenchymal stem cells were cultured on AM with alpha-MEM (minimum essential medium alpha) and KCM. The gene expression patterns of specific keratocyte markers (keratocan, lumican, and aldehyde dehydrogenase family, member A1 (ALDH1A1)) of cultured cells were evaluated by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Keratocytes on AM showed dendritic morphology with slow proliferation in contrast, cells on dishes were stellate in shape with fast proliferation. Cultured keratocytes on AM maintained the expression of keratocan, lumican and ALDH1A1 while keratocytes on plastic dishes steadily lost their keratocyte marker gene expression. Additionally, mesenchymal stem cells cultured with KCM on AM induced expression of keratocan and ALDH1A1. CONCLUSIONS: Keratocytes cultured on AM stromal matrix maintained their characteristic morphology and marker gene expression. Morphology changes and marker gene expressions of mesenchymal stem cells suggest an ability to differentiate into keratocytes when grown on AM with KCM.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aldehyde Dehydrogenase , Amnion , Cells, Cultured , Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans , Corneal Keratocytes , Culture Media, Conditioned , Gene Expression , Keratan Sulfate , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Organic Chemicals , Plastics , Seeds
3.
São Paulo; s.n; 2005. [147] p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-436917

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito agudo (nas primeiras 24 horas) da cirurgia refrativa a laser sobre a síntese de proteoglicanos em explantes de córnea humana mantidos em cultura. Métodos: Foram utilizadas córneas do Banco de Olhos do Hospital São Paulo que foram rejeitadas para transplantes. Três tipos de procedimentos cirúrgicos foram analisados: ceratomileuse assistida por excimer laser in situ (LASIK), ceratectomia fotorrefrativa por excimer laser (PRK) e ceratotomia automatizada (AK). Para cada par de córneas, uma foi submetida à cirurgia e a outra foi mantida como seu controle pareado. Após o I procedimento cirúrgico, os botões corneais foram excisados e colocados I imediatamente em meio de cultura F-12 contendo 35S-sulfato para marcação I metabólica dos proteoglicanos (PGs). Após 24 horas de incubação a 37° C, em atmosfera contendo 2,5 por cento de C02, os PGs foram extraídos com hidrocloreto de guanidina 4 M e identificados por uma combinação de eletroforese em gel de agarose e degradação enzimática com mucopolissacaridases bacterianas específicas, vistos por radioautograma e quantificados em um contador de cintilações. Além disso, foram realizadas análise histológica das amostras corneais após os três tipos de procedimentos cirúrgicos e análise de birrefringência (microscopia de polarização) após a realização do LASIK. Resultados: Uma marcante diminuição na incorporação de 35S-sulfato foi observada em explantes de córnea humana submetidos a LASIK. Este efeito pode ser devido à morte celular. Em contraste, os grupos PRK e AK tiveram um efeito variável sobre a incorporação de 35S-sulfato. Isto pode ser decorrente da combinação de três eventos diferentes: maior disponibilidade de 35S-sulfato, morte celular (necrose ou apoptose), e/ou ativação de ceratócitos após o trauma cirúrgico. Previamente foi demonstrado que a remoção da camada epitelial leva a um aumento da incorporação de 35S-sulfato em proteoglicanos de dermatam sulfato (DS) em explantes de córnea humana, provavelmente devido a uma maior disponibilidade de 35S-sulfato nas células do estroma superficial e/ou estímulo dos ceratócitos superficiais. Em contraste, a ablação a laser em si pode levar à morte celular, seja por necrose ou por apoptose. Os exames histológicos não apresentaram alterações significativas na resposta cicatricial após os três procedimentos cirúrgicos (LASIK, AK e PRK), talvez porque essa análise (HE) tenha sido realizada 24 horas após as cirurgias. O estudo da birrefringência em LASIK demonstrou uma diminuição das medidas de retardos ópticos (RO). Conclusões: O laser causou uma diminuição na incorporação de 35S-sulfato após o LASIK, provavelmente devido à morte de ceratócitos. Após a realização de PRK e AK, houve uma grande variabilidade na incorporação de 35S-sulfato. A análise de birrefringência demonstrou uma diminuição da ordem molecular e do estado de orientação da agregação hierarquizada da córnea após o LASIK.


Subject(s)
Cornea , Dermatan Sulfate , Glycosaminoglycans , Keratan Sulfate , Laser Therapy , Proteoglycans
4.
Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons ; : 271-281, 2004.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-186709

ABSTRACT

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is malignant tumor in salivary gland, and its behavior is very invasive. Of all malignant tumor adenoid cystic carcinoma is occured in frequency of 4.4% in major salivary gland, and 1.29% in minor salivary gland. Histopathologically, adenoid cystic carcinoma is characterized by a cribriform appearance, and tubular form and solid nest type tumor can be seen. The tumor cell structure composed of modified myoepithelial cell, and basaloid cell. Extracellular matrix of this tumor cell contains variable ground substance with basement membrane component. Basement membrane matrix composed of collagen fibers, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and its function is well known that it participate in differentiation, proliferation, and growth of tumor cell. Basement membrane molecule is essential for invasion of peripheral nerve, blood vessel, skeletal muscle in tumor cell of adenoid cystic carcinoma. In many studies, the tumor cell of adenoid cystic carcinoma containing modified myoepithelial cell participate in synthesis of proteoglycan. In this study, tissue sample of adenoid cystic carcinoma of human salivary gland were obtained from 15 surgical specimen, and all specimen were routinely fixed in 10% formalin and embedded. Serial 4-micrometer thick sections were cut from paraffin blocks. the histopathologic evaluation was done with light microscopy. And, the immunohistochemical staining, characteristics of glycosaminoglycan were observed. For biochemical analysis of glycosaminoglycan, isolation of crude glycosaminoglycan from tumor tissue and Western bolt analysis were carried out. With transmission electomicroscopy, tumor cell were observed. Biologic behavior of adenoid cystic carcinoma was observed with distribution and expression of basement membrane of glycosaminoglycan in tumor cells, The results obtained were as follows: 1. In immunohistochemical study, chondroitin sulfate is postively stained in tumor cell and interstitial space, dermatan sulfate is weakly stained in ductal cell. But keratan sulfate is negatively stained. 2. In immunohistochemical study, heparan sulfate is strong positive stained in tumor cell and basement membrane, especially in invasion area to peripheral nerve tissue. 3. In transmission electromicroscpic view, the tumor cells are composed modifed myoepithelial cells, and contains many microvilli and rough endoplasmic reticulum. 4. In Western blot analysis, the expression of glycosaminoglycan is expressed mostly in heparan sulfate. From the results obtained in this study, tumor cell of adenoid cystic carcinoma is composed modified myoepithelial cell, and glycosaminoglycan of basement membrane molecule of heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate mostly participate in the development and invasiveness of adenoid cystic carcinoma by immunohistochemical study and western blot analysis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adenoids , Basement Membrane , Blood Vessels , Blotting, Western , Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic , Chondroitin Sulfates , Collagen , Dermatan Sulfate , Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough , Extracellular Matrix , Formaldehyde , Glycoproteins , Heparitin Sulfate , Keratan Sulfate , Microscopy , Microvilli , Muscle, Skeletal , Paraffin , Peripheral Nerves , Proteoglycans , Salivary Glands , Salivary Glands, Minor
5.
Zagazig University Medical Journal. 2002; (Special Issue): 535-542
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-61205

ABSTRACT

This study was performed to quantitate serum and synovial fluid chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis [RA] and osteoarthritis [OA] as well as levels in control sera and synovial fluid to evaluate their reflection of the disease process. This study was conducted on 22 RA patients, 22 OA patients and 10 control subjects. We measured serum and synovial level of chondroittn sulfate [CS] and Keratan sulfate [KS] and correlated their levels to the disease activity, our results slowed that serum KS levels were higher in patients with arthritic conditions than in controls [P < 0.05] No correlation was found between age, disease activity and CRP in RA and sera CS or KS. So measuring these markers may be valuable for evaluating the arthritic conditions


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/blood , Synovial Fluid , Chondroitin Sulfates , Keratan Sulfate , Disease Progression , Cartilage/metabolism
6.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 34(3): 325-331, Mar. 2001. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-281612

ABSTRACT

Corneal transparency is attributed to the regular spacing and diameter of collagen fibrils, and proteoglycans may play a role in fibrillogenesis and matrix assembly. Corneal scar tissue is opaque and this opacity is explained by decreased ultrastructural order that may be related to proteoglycan composition. Thus, the objectives of the present study were to characterize the proteoglycans synthesized by human corneal explants and to investigate the effect of mechanical epithelial debridement. Human corneas unsuitable for transplants were immersed in F-12 culture medium and maintained under tissue culture conditions. The proteoglycans synthesized in 24 h were labeled metabolically by the addition of 35S-sulfate to the medium. These compounds were extracted by 4 M GuHCl and identified by a combination of agarose gel electrophoresis, enzymatic degradation with protease and mucopolysaccharidases, and immunoblotting. Decorin was identified as the main dermatan sulfate proteoglycan and keratan sulfate proteoglycans were also prominent components. When the glycosaminoglycan side chains were analyzed, only keratan sulfate and dermatan sulfate were detected (~50 percent each). Nevertheless, when these compounds were 35S-labeled metabolically, the label in dermatan sulfate was greater than in keratan sulfate, suggesting a lower synthesis rate for keratan sulfate. 35S-Heparan sulfate also appeared. The removal of the epithelial layer caused a decrease in heparan sulfate labeling and induced the synthesis of dermatan sulfate by the stroma. The increased deposit of dermatan sulfate proteoglycans in the stroma suggests a functional relationship between epithelium and stroma that could be related to the corneal opacity that may appear after epithelial cell debridement


Subject(s)
Humans , Cornea/metabolism , Debridement , Proteoglycans/biosynthesis , Corneal Stroma/metabolism , Cornea/injuries , Debridement/adverse effects , Dermatan Sulfate/biosynthesis , Electrophoresis, Agar Gel , Extracellular Matrix , Glycosaminoglycans/biosynthesis , Glycosaminoglycans/isolation & purification , Heparitin Sulfate/metabolism , Keratan Sulfate/metabolism , Proteoglycans/isolation & purification , Stromal Cells/metabolism
7.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 33(12): 1403-12, Dec. 2000. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-274899

ABSTRACT

The structure of the large proteoglycan present in the bullfrog epiphyseal cartilage was studied by immunochemical and biochemical methods. The isolated monomer showed a polydisperse behavior on Sepharose CL2B, with a peak at Kav = 0.14. Chondroitin sulfate chains were identified by HPLC analysis of the products formed by chondroitinase digestion and mercuric acetate treatment. These chains have approximately 38 disaccharides, a Di45:Di68 ratio of 1.6 and GalNAc4S + GalNAc4,6S are the main non-reducing terminals. Keratan sulfate was identified by the use of two monoclonal antibodies in Western blots after chondroitinase ABC treatment. A keratan sulfate-rich region (~110 kDa) was isolated by sequential treatment with chondroitinase ABC and proteases. We also employed antibodies in Western blotting experiments and showed that the full length deglycosylated core protein is about 300 kDa after SDS-PAGE. Domain-specific antibodies revealed the presence of immunoreactive sites corresponding to G1/G2 and G3 globular domains and the characterization of this large proteoglycan as aggrecan. The results indicate the high conservation of the aggrecan domain structure in this lower vertebrate


Subject(s)
Animals , Amphibians/physiology , Growth Plate/chemistry , Keratan Sulfate/chemistry , Proteoglycans/chemistry , Blotting, Western , Chondroitin Sulfates/isolation & purification , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Growth Plate/physiology , Rana catesbeiana
8.
Säo Paulo; s.n; 2000. [176] p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-280829

ABSTRACT

Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram identificar os glicosaminoglicanos presentes na córnea humana, analisar a síntese dos glicosaminoglicanos em córneas humanas mantidas em cultura e avaliar o efeito da remoção do epitélio sobre a síntese destes compostos em córneas mantidas em cultura. Para tal, foram utilizadas córneas do Banco de Olhos do Hospital São Paulo que foram rejeitadas para transplantes. Os glicosaminoglicanos foram extraídos após proteólise dos tecidos com papaína e identificados por uma combinação de eletroforese em gel de agarose e degradação enzimática com mucopolisacaridases bacterianas específicas. Os principais glicosaminoglicanos extraídos da córnea humana foram o queratam sulfato e o dermatam sulfato, cada um correspondendo a cerca de 50 por cento do total. Para analisar os glicosaminoglicanos sintetizados em cultura, as córneas foram mantidas em meio Fl2, por 24 horas, a 37§C, em atmosfera contendo 2,5 por cento de gás carbônico. Ao meio de cultura foi adicionado 35S-sulfato, de forma que os glicosaminoglicanos sintetizados em 24 horas fossem, então, metabolicamente marcados. OS 35S-glicosaminoglicanos foram isolados da mesma forma descrita acima, exceto que foram vistos por radioautograma e quantificados em um contador de cintilações. O principal glicosaminoglicano sintetizado foi o dermatam sulfato (72 por cento do total), seguido pelo queratam sulfato (l7 por cento). Além desses dois glicosaminoglicanos, apareceu heparam sulfato (11 por cento), que não foi identificado como constituinte da córnea por estar em pequena quantidade (abaixo do limite de detecção do método). Esses resultados sugerem que o dermatam sulfato e o heparam sulfato apresentem uma taxa de turnover maior que a do queratam sulfato. A desepitelização corneana levou a uma alteração no padrão de síntese de glicosaminoglicanos, com uma maior marcação de dermatam sulfato e uma diminuição no heparam sulfato, em relação ao controle. Este efeito foi proporcional à área da córnea desepitelizada. Para verificar quais Os glicosaminoglicanos sintetizados em cada camada celular, o epitélio, o endotélio e o estroma foram separados e os glicosaminoglicanos sintetizados em cada uma delas foram identificados. Verificou-se que os ceratócitos foram os principais responsáveis pela síntese de dermatam sulfato e queratam sulfato, enquanto as células epiteliais produziram basicamente heparam sulfato. Esta observação explica a ...(au)


Subject(s)
Cornea , Corneal Stroma , Dermatan Sulfate , Epithelium, Corneal , Glycosaminoglycans , Heparitin Sulfate , Keratan Sulfate , Proteoglycans
9.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 27(9): 2103-8, Sept. 1994. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-144463

ABSTRACT

1. Two proteoglycans, PG1 and PG2, have been isolated from shark cartilage. Both are highly polydisperse and large (molecular mass: 1-10 x 10**6 Daltons) and contain chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate side chains, but PG2 is somewhat smaller tham PG1 and contains less keratan sulfate. 2. Monoclonal antibodies were raised against PG1. Many antibodies were obtained and one of them, MST1, was subcloned and furter characterized. This monoclonal antibody reacts with PG1 and PG2 from shark cartilage and also with aggrecan from bovine trachea cartilage. Chondroitinase AC-treated proteglycans react MST1, indicating that the antibody does not reconize chondroitin sulfate. MST1 also recognizes aggrecan from human cartilage and a proteoglycan from bovine brain (neurocan) but it does reconize proteoglycans from rat Walker tumor, fetal calf muscle and decorin from human myoma. 3. Using MST1 we were able to demonstrate that both PG1 aggregate with hyaluronic acid


Subject(s)
Cattle , Mice , Rabbits , Rats , Humans , Animals , Male , Antibodies, Monoclonal/isolation & purification , Cartilage/chemistry , Proteoglycans/chemistry , Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis , Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology , Chondroitinsulfatases/chemistry , Chondroitinsulfatases/immunology , Chondroitinsulfatases/isolation & purification , Epitopes , Keratan Sulfate/chemistry , Keratan Sulfate/immunology , Keratan Sulfate/isolation & purification , Proteoglycans/immunology , Proteoglycans/isolation & purification
10.
Rev. bras. reumatol ; 34(4): 195-202, jul.-ago. 1994.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-169249

ABSTRACT

A inexistência de testes laboratoriais específicos para diagnostico do osteoartrite idiopática (OA), bem como a baixa sensibilidade das imagens radiográficas em relaçao à sintomatologia dos pacientes, motivaram a procura de marcadores biológicos capazes de preencher tal lacuna. Diferentes tipos e fragmentos moleculares vêm sendo analisados, citando-se hialuronato, proteoglicanos, glicosaminoglicanos e colágeno. Os níveis plasmáticos de hialuronato avultam-se em pacientes com OA em múltiplas articulaçoes, assim como em diferentes doenças sistematizadas, reumáticas ou nao, além do simples exercício físico. As dosagens de proteoglicanos e glicosaminoglicanos, no líquido sinovial, espelham fase aguda de doença articular, pouco destacando a crônica. No soro, suas mensuraçoes têm valor limitado. Constatou-se o agrudar de excreçao urinária de hidroxilisina e hidroxiprolina glicolisadas, em situaçoes em que se observa o avolumar da degradaçao colágena, como na doença de Paget e hiperparatiroidismo. Na OA, esses padroes de excreçao ficam abaixo do constatado nas condiçoes destacadas. Os valores urinários de piridinolina e desoxipiridinolina, resultantes de quebras nas zonas de ligaçoes intermoleculares de colágeno (crosslinks), crescem quando o metabolismo ósseo está acelerado (pós-fratura, osteoporose, hiperparatiroidismo...). Na OA, os resultados sao conflitantes, sugerindo a impropriedade da utilizaçao dos crosslinks como marcadores biológicos da doença


Subject(s)
Humans , Glycosaminoglycans , Keratan Sulfate , Osteoarthritis , Proteoglycans
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